Economic factors, such as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, are related to the U5MR.
The global under-five mortality rate (U5MR) has been halved since 1990, but remains high in many low- and middle-income countries. Conclusionīoth population and geographical pediatrician density should be considered when planning child health care services, even in areas with high numbers of PPTC.ĭespite considerable progress over the past few decades, children’s health remains a major global challenge. The joint association analyses show a stronger association with the risk of a high U5MR in geographical pediatrician density than PPTC. An inverted J-shaped relationship was found that the risk of a high U5MR was 3.74, 3.07 (95% CI 2.11–4.47), and 2.25 times (95% CI 1.52–3.31) higher in counties with < 50, 50–149, and 150–499 pediatricians per 10,000 km 2, respectively, than in counties with ≥ 500 physicians per 10,000 km 2. Compared to the counties with the highest PPTC (≥ 0.7), those with the lowest PPTC (< 0.2) had a 52% higher risk of a high U5MR, with an L-shaped relationship. The highest quartiles were used as reference.
PPTC and pediatricians per 10,000 km 2 were categorized into quartiles. We evaluated the associations between measures of pediatric human resources and the risk of a high U5MR (≥ 18 deaths per 1000 live births) using logistic regression and restricted cubic spline regression models with adjustments for potential confounders. We analyzed data from a national survey in 2015–2016 in 2636 counties, accounting for 31 mainland provinces of China. To quantify the associations between the under-five mortality rate (U5MR) and measures of pediatric human resources, including pediatricians per thousand children (PPTC) and the geographical distribution of pediatricians.
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